The sheets of paper circulate, and participants select what they consider to be the best ones. All participants present their poems on a sheet, to be rewritten by someone else. Members meet in a room to compose and submit their haku to evaluation by the group. On certain occasions, haiku are composed in meetings ranging from 3 to 100 participants: kukai. This network of exchanges acquired a certain economic, social, and political importance in the old Japanese society. Answers and sequels were eagerly awaited. These conditions were similar to those of the scholars fleeing Constantinople, which gave rise to the Renaissance in Europe.ĭurant the Edo era (1620-1868), poems travelled "on foot ", with the peddlars. Renga masters travelled throughout the entire country to escape the war and to look for protectors, which resulted in renga spreading to the provinces and popularizing that type of poetry. All feudal lords fought and Kyoto, the capital, was devastated. The 15th century was in Japan a time of fierce warfare. Journeys also played an important role in the history of renga. Renga and haikai (haikai renga) were written collectively in the same place and in the same day. But contrary to the Western "cadavre exquis, " here also exist very strict rules.
Everybody writes a verse, as a sequel to only the previous one. Avant-garde haiku poets also founded similar reviews in the 50s and 60s.Ĭonnected poems (renga) are first written in aristocratic meetings, then in more popular ones. " Kyoko haiku " (Kyoto University haiku, 1933-40) was the most remarkable example. Haiku circles reviews: Shinko haiku poets published haiku circle reviews, i.It became the prime mover of the Shinko haiku movement, which criticized the Kyoshi system. General haïku reviews: "Haïku Kenkyu", the first general haiku review was founded in 1934.He chose haïku sent by his readers and published them in his monthly review in in the order of preference. Haiku clubs reviews: Kyoshi Takahama created a system of haiku clubs.newspapers: Shiki published his studies and articles in newspapers.kukai: For Basho, kukai was the place for experimenting and spreading.On can identify five media for haïku (according to an article by Ryu Yotsuya in the first issue of the Mushigane Review) : The Japanese poetic tradition is rich in connected forms, written by several authors, and in literary contests of small or great significance (kukai). Contrary to Western poetry, it becomes public, is openly criticized, and rewritten without ulterior motives.
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